What are the principle parts of a cell?

No matter what type of cell, animal, plant, bacteria, all cells have a Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm and Chromatin (genetic material).

However there are many organelles that comprise the anatomical and physiological aspects of the cell.

Cell Membrane - Outer protective, selectively permeable boundary with the cell's environment.

Cell Wall (plant, fungi, bacteria) - Support mechanism and protective boundary of the cell.

Cytoplasm - Internal plasma structure housing all other cell organelles and providing cell shape.

Chromatin - Genetic material including DNA and RNA, providing the blueprint of cell structure and function for the production of proteins.

Nucleus (eukaryotic cell) - Nuclear membrane (envelope) surrounds the chromatin. Nucleolus oversees nuclear activities within the cell and nuclear.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough) - Pathway for the production of proteins containing Ribosomes to process amino acid chains.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth) - Pathway for materials throughout the cell.

Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts (plants, algae) - Produce stored energy through photosynthesis.

Vacuoles - Storage bubbles for food, energy and wastes.

Lysosomes - Digestive plastids for woods and wastes.

Chromoplasts (plants, algae) - Storage and processing of oils and pigments for energy production.

Cilia, Flagella, Pseudopods - External projections of the cell membrane for movement and food gathering.

These are all simplifications of the actual processes and functions of the organelles of a cell.

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