Write the genotypes of the F1 and F2 plants?

Let's consider both monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. This can be clarified by using a particular plant as an example, like a pea plant.

One plant trait is taken into account in a monohybrid cross.

A homozygous tall and homozygous dwarf pea plant cross will be examined.

The F1 generation of plants will all be tall and have the same genotypes, making them all heterozygous tall.

The plants in the F2 generation will be tall and dwarf in the ratio of 3:1; however, not all tall plants are genotypically similar; homozygous tall and heterozygous tall will be in the ratio of 2:1. Plants of the F1 generation are allowed to freely interbreed among themselves to produce the F2 generation.

The genotypic ratio in the F2 generation will be 1:2:1, i.e., 1 homozygous tall: 2 heterozygous tall: 1 homozygous dwarf. As a result, in the monohybrid cross, all F1 plants have the same genotype and are heterozygous tall (Tt).

A dihybrid cross takes into account two characteristics at once.

A cross between a pure tall red plant and a pure dwarf white pea plant will be considered.

There are two alleles related to height, tall and dwarf, and red and white, related to flower color; tall is dominant over dwarf, and red is dominant over white in terms of flower color.

In this cross, every plant of the F1 generation will have the same genotype, meaning that they are all heterozygous tall and heterozygous red (TtRr).

To create the F2 generation, plants of the F1 generation are permitted to freely interbreed with each other. Tall red, tall white, dwarf red, and dwarf white will be in the ratio of 9:3:3:1, which corresponds to the F2 phenotypic ratio.

Four genotypes will be present in F2 tall red plants: homozygous tall homozygous red (TTRR), homozygous tall heterozygous red (TTRr), heterozygous tall and homozygous red (TtRR), and heterozygous tall and heterozygous red (TtRr). These genotypes will be distributed in a 1:2:2:4 ratio.

Tall whites will have two genotypes: heterozygous tall and homozygous white (Ttrr) in a 1:2 ratio and homozygous tall homozygous white (TTrr).

Homozygous dwarf and homozygous red (ttRR) and homozygous dwarf and heterozygous red in a 1:2 ratio are the two genotypes that make up dwarf red.

Dwarf white plants are homozygous dwarf homozygous white (ttrr), meaning they have a single genotype.

The F2 generation's overall genotypic ratio will therefore be 1:2:2:4:1:2:1:2:1.

The genotypes of the F1 plants would depend on the parental genotypes. Assuming a simple Mendelian genetic cross, if the parental genotypes are homozygous dominant (AA) and homozygous recessive (aa), then all F1 plants would be heterozygous (Aa).

For the F2 generation, if two heterozygous F1 plants are crossed, the genotypic ratio would be 1:2:1 for homozygous dominant (AA), heterozygous (Aa), and homozygous recessive (aa) respectively.

The genotypes of F1 plants are all heterozygous (Aa), while the genotypes of F2 plants are in a ratio of 1:2:1 for homozygous dominant (AA), heterozygous (Aa), and homozygous recessive (aa).