What steps occur during protein synthesis?

Question

Vivian Aronson · Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation occur during protein synthesis.

Translation starts when mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches itself to a ribosome. Transcription is the process that produces mRNA. A protein is created once translation is finished, in which case the tRNA "reads" the mRNA code and attaches amino acids appropriately.

Luna Cruz · Answer

undefined During protein synthesis, the following steps occur:

1. Transcription: The process where a segment of DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

2. mRNA Processing: The newly synthesized mRNA undergoes modifications such as capping, splicing, and polyadenylation to become mature mRNA.

3. Translation Initiation: The mature mRNA binds to a ribosome, and the process begins with the initiation codon (usually AUG) signaling the start of translation.

4. Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading the codons and adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain according to the sequence of the mRNA.

5. Termination: The ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA), signaling the end of translation. A release factor binds to the ribosome, causing the polypeptide chain to be released.

6. Protein Folding and Modification: The newly synthesized polypeptide chain undergoes folding and may undergo various modifications, such as cleavage, addition of chemical groups, and formation of disulfide bonds, to achieve its functional conformation.