What is the probability that the first son of a woman whose brother is affected will be affected? What is the probability that the second son of a woman whose brother is affected will be affected if her first son was affected?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is cause by a relatively rare X-linked recessive allele. It causes progressive muscular wasting, and usually leads to death before age 20.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is cause by a relatively rare X-linked recessive allele. It causes progressive muscular wasting, and usually leads to death before age 20.
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The probability that the first son of a woman whose brother is affected will be affected is 50% if the affected trait is autosomal dominant and 25% if it's autosomal recessive.
If the first son was affected, the probability that the second son will be affected depends on the mode of inheritance of the trait and whether the trait is dependent on the mother's genetics. If the trait is autosomal dominant, the probability remains the same for the second son (50%). If the trait is autosomal recessive and both parents are carriers, the probability would be 25% for each subsequent son. If the trait is X-linked recessive, the probability would also depend on the mother's status as a carrier.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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