What is the difference between gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear forces?

First of all, only one of the four interactions truly causes objects to accelerate; this is only one aspect of the possible interactions, so the term "force" is not really accurate for the other three.

The long-range, powerful force that causes like charges to repel and unlike charges to attract is known as electromagnetic interaction between charged particles. It can also be used to explain light and the reason why atoms, which are essentially empty spaces, appear solid.

Additionally, gravity has a very long wavelength; weak but dominant at star and galactic distances, it seems like a force but is actually the result of matter and energy bending spacetime.

The strong nuclear force, which binds quarks into hadrons and mesons, is actually the residual effect of the colour force, with a very short range that can only bind adjacent quarks.

The weak nuclear force, which is the cause of radioactive beta decay, is a very short-ranged, non-force that can change a proton into a neutron, an electron, and an electron antineutrino. It can also change a positron into a neutron and an electron neutrino.

The three forces that act on matter are gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear. The strongest force acts on matter between masses, the strongest force acts between charged particles, and the strongest force acts within atomic nuclei.