How is infrared spectroscopy used in forensic science?

When applied to forensics, it is most frequently used to identify organic compounds that may have been accelerants in arson or plastics in structures (cars, furniture, tools, or clothing). Determining the types of organic chemical bonds in a compound helps us to select likely candidates. This is a very common and useful analytical technique used in a wide variety of studies.

A particular source's fingerprint, or specific match (fingerprint) on a compound spectrum with a source material might be the proof needed to connect it to a crime scene.

Infrared spectroscopy is used in forensic science to analyze and identify organic compounds present in evidence such as fibers, paints, drugs, and residues. It works by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation by the molecular bonds within a sample, providing unique spectral patterns that can be compared to known reference spectra to determine the composition of the sample. This technique is particularly useful in forensic analysis because it is non-destructive, requires minimal sample preparation, and can provide rapid results. Additionally, infrared spectroscopy can help identify unknown substances, match samples to sources, and provide evidence for criminal investigations.