How do peppered moths after the Industrial Revolution show the process natural selection?

The peppered moth comes in a variety of colors and patterns. Some have nearly black wings, while others are white with black dots; the white moths blended in well with the lichen, while the black moths were unable to endure and procreate.

Air pollution from industrialization and coal fires in the 19th century caused lichen to burn and blacken many surfaces, including building walls and trees; many white moths with black spots became easily visible and perished because they were unable to hide from predators, while black moths were able to blend in well with their surroundings.

This increased opportunities for reproduction meant that the population of black moths increased while that of white moths with black spots decreased.

As a result, nature "selected" the black moths over the white moths with black spots because they were more likely to survive.

Through a phenomenon called industrial melanism, peppered moths after the Industrial Revolution demonstrate the process of natural selection. Before the Industrial Revolution, most peppered moths had light-colored wings that helped them blend in with light-colored tree bark. However, as a result of increased industrial pollution during the Industrial Revolution, soot and other pollutants caused the bark to become darker. This altered environment helped darker-colored mutant moths survive because they were better able to blend in with the darker tree bark and were therefore less likely to be attacked by predators. Eventually, the frequency of the dark-colored moths increased in the population, proving that natural selection favors traits that enhance survival in a changing environment.