How do Lewis acids and bases differ from Bronsted/Lowry acids and bases?
Lewis acids and bases are defined in terms of being able to accept or donate electron pairs. While Bronsted Lowry acids and bases are defined in terms of being able to accept or donate hydrogen ions (
•A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any substance (molecule or ion) that can donate a hydrogen ion (
•A Brønsted-Lowry base is any species that can accept a hydrogen ion (
Nitrous acid ( • A Lewis acid is defined as an electron-pair acceptor. This means that acids can accept a lone pair of electrons from a Lewis base because the acid has vacant valence orbitals. • A Lewis acid must have a vacant valence orbital and it can be a cation, such as • A Lewis base is an electron-pair donor. This means that a Lewis base has the ability to donate two of its electrons to a Lewis acid. Here's a general depiction of a Lewis acid-base reaction:
In the diagram above,
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Lewis acids and bases are defined based on electron pair donation and acceptance, while Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases are defined based on proton donation and acceptance. In Lewis acid-base reactions, the acid accepts an electron pair, and the base donates an electron pair, whereas in Bronsted-Lowry reactions, the acid donates a proton, and the base accepts a proton.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
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- #60 ml# #0.2(N) H_2SO_4+40 ml# #0.4(N) HCl# is given. What is the pH of the solution?
- Why can water be a Lewis base?

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