How can proteins be modified after translation?

Question

Maya Anderson · Accepted Answer

various ways to modify proteins post translation

following methods are used to modify proteins post translation-ally. all these methods are in turn carried out by various proteins themselves like, kinases, phosphatases, glycosylating protein, methyltransferases, demethyltransferases, acetylases, deacetylases, lipases, etc.

Phosphorylation addition of phosphorous group on amino acods. either activates a protein or deactivates it.
Glycosylation addition of monosaccharide on the protein residues. plays majhor role in various membrane proteins. in some cases polysaccharides are also added.
Ubiquitination addition of ubiquitin on the protein which is majorly to tag protein for degradation.
S-Nitrosylation added as S-nitrothiols usually on cysteines in the protein but is a random process.
Methylation addition of methyl group on Nitrogen or oxygen of amino acid in the protein
N-Acetylation addition of acetyl group on nitrogen or oxygen of amino acid in the protein
Lipidation addition of lipids on proteins usually the membrane proteins are loaded with lipids.

Figure showing various modification of proteins

Daniel Arnold · Answer

undefined Following translation, proteins can undergo a variety of modifications, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. These modifications can change the structure, stability, localization, or function of the protein, enabling it to carry out a variety of biological tasks.