How are nerve synapses affected by learning?

Synaptic plasticity is the ability of learning to modify the strength and structure of nerve synapses. Repetitive activation can make learning-related synapses more efficient, which leads to long-term potentiation (LTP). On the other hand, a lack of stimulation can cause weaker connections to be eliminated from the synapses through a process called synaptic pruning. Learning can also cause structural changes in synapses, such as the formation of new synaptic connections or the growth of dendritic spines. Thus, learning affects neural communication and information processing.

Learning can lead to changes in nerve synapses by strengthening or weakening the connections between neurons. This process, known as synaptic plasticity, involves various mechanisms such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP strengthens synaptic connections, making them more efficient in transmitting signals, while LTD weakens synaptic connections, reducing signal transmission efficiency. These changes in synaptic strength contribute to the formation and consolidation of memories and learning processes in the brain.