Fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration

Fermentation, also known as anaerobic respiration, is a metabolic process crucial in various biological systems. Unlike aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen, fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen, making it a vital pathway in anaerobic environments. This biochemical process involves the conversion of organic compounds into simpler substances, typically yielding energy in the form of ATP. Through fermentation, microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria can derive energy, producing compounds like alcohol, lactic acid, or other organic acids. This fundamental biological process plays essential roles in industries like food production, biofuel generation, and pharmaceutical development.