Phases of Matter

The phases of matter, also known as states of matter, are fundamental classifications in physics and chemistry that describe the physical forms substances can take. These phases—solid, liquid, gas, and in some contexts, plasma—reflect distinct arrangements of particles and differing levels of energy. Understanding these phases is crucial in comprehending how matter behaves under various conditions such as temperature and pressure. From the ordered structure of solids to the free-flowing nature of gases, each phase exhibits unique properties and transitions between them are governed by principles of thermodynamics. This categorization provides a foundational framework for exploring the diverse behaviors and properties of matter in the universe.