Orbital Hybridization
Orbital hybridization is a fundamental concept in chemistry, elucidating the nature of atomic orbitals' recombination to form new hybrid orbitals. Crucial for understanding molecular geometry and bonding, it rationalizes molecular shapes and bond angles in molecules. Arising from the mixing of atomic orbitals, such as s, p, and d orbitals, hybrid orbitals exhibit unique spatial orientations, facilitating the formation of covalent bonds. This concept underpins theories in organic, inorganic, and biochemistry, serving as a cornerstone in the comprehension of molecular structure and reactivity across diverse chemical systems.
Questions
- What are some examples of atomic orbitals?
- What is the geometry and hybridization of #"PF"_6^(-)#? What orbitals are used to hybridize?
- How does carbon use its #"s"# and #"p"# orbitals to form bonds in ethyne, ethene, and ethane?
- Rotation occurs freely around what hybridization?
- Which orbital hybridization is associated with a tetrahedral charge cloud arrangement ? A) #sp# B) #sp^3d^2# C) #sp^3# D) #sp^2#
- What are the hybridizations of the leftmost and rightmost carbon on propyne?
- How many hybrid orbitals are present in the molecule PCl5?
- Draw the Lewis structure for 1,1-dimethylhydrazine #[(CH_3)_2N NH_2]#, a compound used as a rocket fuell. What is the hybridization for the two nitrogen atoms in this molecule? What orbitals overlap to form the bond between the nitrogen atoms?
- Can two #2p# orbitals of an atom hybridize to give two hybridized orbitals?
- What are some examples of trigonal #sp^2# hybrids?
- What orbital hybridization is expected for the central atom in a molecule with a square planar geometry ? A) sp3d B) sp3 C) sp2 D) sp3d2
- How many atomic orbitals are there in an s subshell?
- What atomic or hybrid orbital on #C# makes up the sigma bond between #C# and #Cl# in carbon tetrachloride, #C Cl_4#?
- Why do we describe the #"ELECTRONIC"# geometry of the water molecule as tetrahedral, but its molecular geometry as bent?
- How many hybrid orbitals are there in HNO3?
- Is there a change in hybridization of the Al atom in the reaction: #AlCl_3 + Cl^(-) -> AlCl_4^-#?
- What is the hybridization of the central atom in #NO_3^-#?
- Which of the following is a #2p# orbital?
- How can you tell the difference between sp3, sp2, and sp hybridization?
- How many orbitals are in a set of Sp2 hybrid orbitals?