X Inactivation

X inactivation, also known as lyonization, is a fundamental process in mammalian development, crucial for dosage compensation of X-linked genes between males and females. This mechanism ensures genetic equilibrium by silencing one of the two X chromosomes in female cells, preventing excessive gene expression. Initiated during early embryonic stages, X inactivation involves epigenetic modifications leading to the formation of Barr bodies, compacted chromatin structures. Through this intricate process, cells establish gene expression balance despite the inherent genetic discrepancy between the sexes, highlighting its significance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper development.