What is the physiology of negative feedback?

An excellent example of negative feedback would be as follows: let's say that a person had a severe bleeding accident; the cardiac output would be calculated as the number of heartbeats per minute multiplied by the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute), which is typically between five and eight liters per minute.

If the bleeding is severe, the body will continue to force the heart to beat faster in an attempt to equalize the cardiac output, which will ultimately lead to a heart attack, which is an indication that the body is using all of its resources to keep the patient alive. If the bleeding is not stopped, however, the body will continue to force the heart to beat faster in an attempt to equalize the cardiac output, which will ultimately result in a heart attack.

Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism in which the output of a system inhibits or opposes changes to the system, thus maintaining stability or homeostasis. In physiology, negative feedback loops are essential for regulating various bodily functions. They typically involve three components: a sensor (or receptor) that detects changes in the internal environment, a control center (often the brain or endocrine system) that receives information from the sensor and initiates a response, and an effector (such as muscles or glands) that carries out the response to counteract the initial change. When the system deviates from its set point, the sensor detects this change and sends signals to the control center, which then activates the appropriate effectors to reverse the deviation and restore the system to its optimal state. Once the system returns to its set point, the feedback loop is inhibited, thus preventing overcorrection. Examples of negative feedback in physiology include temperature regulation, blood pressure control, and hormone regulation.