What is sp3 hybridization and how does it apply to covalent bonding?
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Sp3 hybridization occurs when one s orbital and three p orbitals of an atom combine to form four equivalent hybrid orbitals. These orbitals have a tetrahedral arrangement with bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees. In covalent bonding, sp3 hybridization allows atoms to form four single covalent bonds by overlapping their hybrid orbitals with other atoms' orbitals. This results in the formation of stable molecules with tetrahedral geometry, such as methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6).
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
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