How do you solve a stoichiometry problem?
You use a series of conversion factors to get from the units of the given substance to the units of the wanted substance.
There are four steps in solving a stoichiometry problem:
- Write the balanced chemical equation.
- Convert the units of the given substance (A) to moles.
- Use the mole ratio to calculate the moles of wanted substance (B).
- Convert moles of the wanted substance to the desired units.
The flow chart below summarizes the process.
(From MillingsChem)NOTE: The mole ratio of A to B is central to all the calculations.
EXAMPLE:
What mass of chlorine does the decomposition of 64.0 g of AuCl₃ produce?
Solution:
1. Write the balanced chemical equation.
#"2AuCl"_3 → "2Au" + "3Cl"_2# 2. Convert grams of
#"AuCl"_3# to moles of#"AuCl"_3# .#64.0 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g AuCl"_3))) × ("1 mol AuCl"_3)/(303.3 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g AuCl"_3)))) = "0.211 mol AuCl"_3# 3. Use the molar ratio to convert moles of
#"AuCl"_3# to moles of#"Cl"_2# .#0.211 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mol AuCl"_3))) × ("3 mol Cl"_2)/(2 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mol AuCl"_3)))) = "0.317 mol Cl"_2# 4. Convert moles of
#"Cl"_2# to grams of#"Cl"_2# .#0.317 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mol Cl"_2))) × ("70.91 g Cl"_2)/(1 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mol Cl"_2)))) = "22.4 g Cl"_2#
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- Balance the chemical equation.
- Convert given quantity to moles.
- Use mole ratios from the balanced equation to find moles of the desired substance.
- Convert moles to the desired units (grams, liters, etc.) using appropriate conversion factors.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
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- What is the maximum mass of #S_8# that can be produced by combining 83.0 g of each reactant in the reaction #8SO_2 + 16H_2S -> 3S_8 + 16H_2O#??
- On what law is stoichiometry based, and how do the calculations support this law?
- What is the theoretical yield of #Li_3N# in grams when 12.5 g of Li ls heated with 34.1 g of #N_2#?
- In the reaction #2NaOH+H_2SO_4 -> 2H_2O+Na_2SO_4#, how many grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200.0 grams of sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulfuric acid?
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