Why are s orbitals non directional?

Answer 1

s orbitals are nondirectional because they have spherical symmetry.

Spherical symmetry means that the probability of finding an electron at a particular distance from the nucleus is same in all directions.

Compare that with a p orbital, which has a shape somewhat like a dumbbell. In a p orbital, the probability of finding an electron at a particular distance is greatest along the x, y, or z axis.

A p orbital is directional. An s orbital is nondirectional.

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Answer 2

Natalie Anton

The electron density of spherical orbitals is constant in all directions.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.