When white light goes through the prism, it splits into a spectrum. Why red rays refract less and purple rays most of all?

Now,purple light has the higher frequency of visible light so it bends the most whereas red light has the least frequency and bending is the least.

White light is composed of different colors, each with a different wavelength. When white light passes through a prism, it undergoes dispersion, which means the different colors bend by different amounts due to their varying wavelengths. This bending of light is called refraction.

The extent of refraction depends on the refractive index of the prism material and the wavelength of light. The refractive index of a material determines how much light bends when it enters the material.

In a prism, shorter wavelengths (such as violet and blue) are refracted more than longer wavelengths (such as red). This is because shorter wavelengths interact more strongly with the atoms in the prism material, causing them to slow down and bend more as they pass through.

As a result, red light, which has a longer wavelength, refracts less than violet light, which has a shorter wavelength. The bending of light causes the different colors to spread out, creating the spectrum of colors observed after passing through the prism, with red on one end and violet on the other.