What is the formula utilized to calculate the age of the Universe?

While there isn't a single, accepted formula for calculating the age of the universe, two approaches are commonly considered to be plausible.

Please take note that we are discussing estimates; precisely how old the Universe is currently unknown. In fact, as scientists study the Universe in its early stages, the composition of the Universe changes so dramatically (imagine a Universe consisting only of tightly compressed plasma; that was the Universe's state 13 billion years ago) that eventually even the concept of time is thrown out the window.

Now let's talk about the two methods scientists use for calculations:

Glabular clusters are among the oldest structures we can see, and age estimates place them anywhere between 11 and 18 billion years old, so there is a floor of an age at 11 billion years (it can be any younger but can be older). Looking at the oldest structures in the Universe, we know that the Universe is at least as old as them and maybe older.

To determine how long it will take to reduce the estimated size of the Universe to the size of a baseball, consider the expansion of the Universe as described by Hubble's Constant and simply take the rate of expansion and reverse it. The equation for this process looks like this:

This computation yields solutions in the 10–20 billion year range. It seems so easy, doesn't it? The solution can be found in the first link below.

The range of 13.5 to 14 billion years is the accepted age as of right now.

Age.html at https://tutor.hix.ai

https://tutor.hix.ai

https://tutor.hix.ai

The universe's age is determined using a formula derived from a number of cosmological models, most notably the Friedmann equations within the framework of general relativity.