What is the distance, measured along a great circle, between locations at #(34^o N, 34^o W) and (34^ S, 34^o E)#?
There are negatives for west longitudes and south latitudes.
The position vectors to the spherical-polar coordinates
places
of the planet Earth are
For unit vectors #n_(OP) and n_(OQ), omit the factor 6371 km (mean
the Earth's radius) in these normal directions.
The great-circle arc PQ at the center subtends the angle
The great-circle arc distance, expressed in radians (PQ = 6371 X alpha),
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The distance, measured along a great circle, between locations at (34° N, 34° W) and (34° S, 34° E) is approximately 14,832 kilometers.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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