What is convection and how does it relate to astronomy?

The term "convection" refers to the movement of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas). It is most likely related to astronomy because, because of gravity, a star's core is much hotter than its surrounding material. The heated plasma rises to the surface like boiling water, where it is absorbed by the surrounding plasma through convection, cools, and returns to the core.

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, such as a gas or liquid. In astronomy, convection plays a significant role in various processes, including the movement of energy within stars, the formation of galaxies and other celestial structures, and the dynamics of planetary atmospheres. In stars, convection helps transport energy from the core to the surface, influencing their structure, luminosity, and evolutionary path. Additionally, convection can affect the behavior of gases and dust within galaxies, contributing to the formation of stars and planetary systems. In planetary atmospheres, convection drives weather patterns and atmospheric circulation, shaping the climates of celestial bodies across the universe.