What is an enantiomer (stereo) isomer?

Answer 1

Could you superimpose your right hand on you left hand? (Or on your identical twin's left hand?) The answer is NO.

Just as your left hand is the mirror image of your right hand, an enantiomer is the mirror image of its optical isomer. In carbon chemistry, it turns out that ANY carbon centre that has 4 different substituents, i.e. #CR_1R_2R_3R_4#, can be CHIRAL or HANDED around #C#, and generate a left-handed and right-handed optical isomer; the #C# atom is known as the chiral centre; and the 2 molecules, identical but for their handedness, are STEREOISOMERS, non-superposable mirror images.

To verify this optical isomerism, I would strongly advise you to construct a few basic models (using toothpicks and plasticene). You also need to practice representing three-dimensional optical isomers on paper. These tasks are not easy, but they are necessary if you want to fully comprehend the optical isomerism; reading this spray alone will not provide that understanding.

So here's a tip. You have made this model, #CR_1R_2R_3R_4#; carbon is at the centre of tetrahedron. The interchange of ANY 2 substituents, #R_1#, #R_2# etc., results in representation of the enantiomer.

Examples of handedness abound in biology: all sugars are right-handed, all proteins are left-handed, and our digestive enzymes, which are themselves handed, would not function on the left-handed isomer. The majority of medications used today are handed, and using the incorrect isomer can have detrimental biological effects.

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Answer 2

An enantiomer (stereo) isomer is a type of stereoisomer that exists when two molecules are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in their spatial arrangement due to the presence of one or more chiral centers.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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