What is a non-fundamental force?
It is all forces from which other forces can be deduced.
As an illustration, consider the elastic force of a spring. Although it is very practical to express this force as a force in mechanics problems, the elastic force is actually caused by electric bounds within the spring's material and is not a fundamental force but rather the result of numerous electromagnetic interactions.
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A non-fundamental force is a force that emerges from the interactions between fundamental forces or particles. These forces are not considered fundamental because they can be understood in terms of more basic forces. Examples include friction, tension, and buoyancy.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
- Which scientist discovered that the equations he had derived predicted an expanding universe, then modified his equations to eliminate this expansion?
- Why are standard candles important to astronomers trying to measure the Hubble constant?
- Is the universe in orbit?
- How is the size of the universe determined?
- Which galaxy is closest to earth?

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