What are some examples of plant adaptations for survival on land?

Terrestrial plants have evolved numerous adaptations to survive on land. Although some plants still require a moist and humid environment, many have developed a tolerance or resistance to drought conditions. Examples of these adaptations include thick cuticles on leaves, elaborate tap systems or fibrous root systems that search for water, sunken stomata or stomata that open only late in the evening and at night, and guard cell-controlled stomata.

The evolution of cuticles to minimize water loss, the presence of stomata for gas exchange while minimizing water loss, the development of vascular tissues for efficient nutrient and water transport, the evolution of seeds for reproduction and dispersal, and the adaptation of leaves for maximizing sunlight absorption and photosynthesis are a few examples of plant adaptations for survival on land.