What are some examples of kinetic theory?

A large number of molecules are present, but the space they occupy is also large and keeps the individual molecules far apart (as Rutherford proved: here). The theory of kinetics describes the random motion of atoms. It is predicated on four premises: 1. The molecules move randomly; 2. The collisions between molecules are elastic and therefore exert no net forces; and 3. The molecules obey Newtonian mechanics.

Examples of kinetic theory include Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's Laws governing the behavior of gases, as well as Brownian Motion, which describes the random movement of dust particles due to collisions with "air" molecules. Kinetic theory also explains how temperature affects the states of substances.

Examples of kinetic theory include ideal gases, heat conduction in solids, and diffusion of gases.