What are Bronsted acids and bases?

Answer 1

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any substance (molecule or ion) that can donate a hydrogen ion (#H^(+)#).

A Brønsted-Lowry base is any species that can accept a hydrogen ion (#H^(+)#).

In short, acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.

Take the following reaction for example:

#HCl + NH_3 rightleftharpoons NH_4^(+) + Cl^(-)#

Hydrochloric acid (#HCl#) is the Brønsted-Lowry acid because it donates a hydrogen ion. Ammonia (#NH_3#) is the Brønsted-Lowry base because it accepts the hydrogen ion.

The Brønsted-Lowry theory also introduces the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. A conjugate acid-base pair are two species that differ by a (#H^(+)#) ion.

Based on the reaction above, the ammonium ion
(#NH_4^(+)#) is the conjugate acid of the base ammonia and the chloride ion (#Cl^(-)#) is the conjugate base of hydrochloric acid.

Here's a tip to let you know which substance is the conjugate acid and which substance is the conjugate base:

A conjugate base has one less (#H^(+)#) proton than the acid you started with.

A conjugate acid has one more (#H^(+)#) proton than the base you started with.

Here's a general depiction of conjugate acid-base pairs:

#HA# represents an acid

#B# represents a base

#A^(-)# represents the conjugate base since this substance has one less proton than the acid, HA.

#HB^(+)# represents the conjugate acid since this substance has one more proton than the base, B.

I really hope this makes sense!

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Answer 2

Bronsted acids are proton donors, meaning they can donate a proton (H⁺). Bronsted bases are proton acceptors, meaning they can accept a proton.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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