How would you explain all states of matter?

There are two main factors that determine the state of a substance:

First of all, the forces. If there were no forces between particles, all substances would be gases, thus are necessary in liquids and solids. The stronger the force, the more kinetic energy is required to pull the particles apart.

These forces are determined by the electronegativity of the substance:

Secondly, the kinetic energy of the particles, also known as temperature of substance. By adding energy to the substance (heating it up), the particles are excited and gradually, the forces' strength diminish.

When the strength of attraction weakens, particles are able to translate and rotate themselves, rather than just vibrate. Eventually, the attraction is so weak (with higher kinetic energy), that there is a minuscule amount, resulting in a gas.

Solids have very little kinetic energy, liquids have a moderate amount, and gases have a lot.

Hope this helps :)

Matter exists in three main states: solid, liquid, and gas. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume. There's also a fourth state called plasma, found in extreme conditions, where particles are highly energized. Additionally, Bose-Einstein condensates exist at ultra-low temperatures, displaying unique properties.