How would you describe the structure ot an atom?

Answer 1

Up to GCSE it is a very small positive nucleus which has protons and neutrons, surrounded by negative electrons in shells or energy levels around it.

Protons have a charge of #+1# and a relative mass of #1# Neutrons are neutral (have no charge) and also have a mass of #1# Electrons are negative (have a charge of #-1#) and have a negligibly small relative mass #(1/1840)#
The first energy shell contains #2# electrons and all the ones after that contain #8#.
Beyond GCSE we learn that electrons are arranged in 4 different orbitals named #s, p, d# and #f# which contain #2, 6, 10 and 14# electrons respectively.
The "first shell", known at A-level and beyond as the "principal quantum level" has a #s# orbital (which means a maximum of #2# electrons)
The second quantum level has #s and p# (which is a maximum of #2+6# or #8# electrons), the third has #s, p and d# (which means it has a maximum capacity of #18#) and the fourth has #s, p, d and f# (which means it has a maximum electron capacity of #32#).
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Answer 2

Protons and neutrons make up an atom's nucleus, which is made up of the majority of the atom's mass; electrons, on the other hand, have very little mass; the number of protons determines the atom's identity (atomic number); the total number of protons and neutrons determines the atom's mass number; electrons participate in chemical bonding and reactions and occupy specific energy levels based on their distance from the nucleus.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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