How would you define the concept of equilibrium in terms of free energy and entropy?

Answer 1

We may begin with the following equation, though:

#color(green)(DeltaG = DeltaG^@ + RTlnQ)#

where

When we are at equilibrium, #\mathbf(DeltaG = 0)#. Thus:
#color(blue)(DeltaG^@ = -RTlnK)#
where #Q = K# at equilibrium. #K# may or may not be #1#.

Therefore, you can find the equilibrium constant for the specific reaction at equilibrium by using the standard Gibbs' free energy, which is tabulated in many, if not all, textbooks in an appendix.

Furthermore, since #DeltaG = 0# at equilibrium, we can invoke the thermodynamic equation
#color(green)(DeltaG = DeltaH - TDeltaS)#,

where

and acknowledge that we now possess:

#0 = DeltaH - TDeltaS#
#TDeltaS = DeltaH#
#color(blue)(DeltaS = (DeltaH)/T)#

Phase changes—that is, a phase-phase equilibrium at constant temperature—are one situation in which this description of entropy at equilibrium holds true.

Thus, at equilibrium, you could calculate the entropy by knowing the current temperature and the enthalpy.

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Answer 2

Equilibrium in terms of free energy and entropy occurs when the system reaches a state of minimum free energy and maximum entropy, meaning there is no net change in the system's properties over time. At equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy change ((ΔG)) is zero, indicating that the system is at a stable state where the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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