How was the nucleus was discovered?
The nucleus was the first organelle to be discovered. What is most likely the oldest preserved drawing dates back to the early microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723).
Oldest known depiction of cells and their nuclei by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1719.
He observed a "Lumen", the nucleus, in the red blood cells of salmon. Unlike mammalian red blood cells, those of other vertebrates still possess nuclei.
The nucleus was also described by Franz Bauer in 1804 and in more detail in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in a talk at the Linnean Society of London.
Brown was studying orchids under microscope when he observed an opaque area, which he called the areola or nucleus, in the cells of the flower's outer layer.
The function of the nucleus as carrier of genetic information became clear only later, after mitosis was discovered and the Mendelian rules were rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century; the chromosome theory of heredity was therefore developed.
Drawing of a Chironomus salivary gland cell published by Walther Flemming in 1882. The nucleus contains Polytene chromosomes.
(Wikipedia)
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Ernest Rutherford carried out experiments in 1909 that are referred to as the Rutherford scattering experiment. He used alpha particles to bombard a thin gold foil and then observed the patterns of scattering that resulted in the conclusion that the majority of the atom's mass and positive charge were concentrated in a tiny, dense nucleus at the center of the atom.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
- What is the function of golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria?
- How does a mitochondria relate to photosynthesis?
- What organelles in eukaryotic cells contain DNA?
- How does a cells ratio of surface area to volume change as the cell grows larger?
- What is the term used for particles present on cristae of mitochondria?

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