How many times does decarboxylation occur in the aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule and when does it occur?

Answer 1

Decarboxylation occurs six times in the aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule.

A glucose molecule contains 6 carbon atoms, and each one must be converted into #"CO"_2#.

Glycolysis first converts the glucose molecule into two three-carbon fragments (pyruvate).

These fragments are then fed into the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in a preparatory step.

Preparatory step

The first carbon atom of pyruvate is removed as #"CO"_2# when pyruvate is converted into #"Acetyl-CoA"# by pyruvate dehydrogenase.

#underbrace("CH"_3"COCOO"^"-")_color(red)("pyruvate") + "NAD"^(+) + "H-SCoA" stackrelcolor(blue)("pyruvate dehydrogenase"color(white)(ml))(→) "NADH" + "CO"_2 + underbrace("CH"_3"CO-SCoA")_color(red)("Acetyl-CoA") #

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Here's an overview of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.

The remaining two carbons are lost as #"CO"_2# in Steps 3 and 4 of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.

Step 3. Isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate

The second molecule of #"CO"_2# is formed in this step.

#underbrace(stackrel("-")("O")"COH(OH)C"("COO"^("-"))"CH"_2"COO"^("-"))_color(red)("isocitrate") +"NAD"^(+) stackrelcolor(blue)("isocitrate dehydrogenase"color(white)(ml))(→) underbrace(stackrel("-")("O")"COCOCH"("COO"^("-"))"CH"_2"COO"^("-"))_color(red)("oxaloacetate") + "NADH" + "H"^+#

#underbrace(stackrel("-")("O")"COCOCH"("COO"^("-"))"CH"_2"COO"^("-"))_color(red)("oxaloacetate") + "H"^"+"stackrelcolor(blue)("isocitrate dehydrogenase"color(white)(ml))(→) underbrace(stackrel("-")("O")"COCOCH"_2"CH"_2"COO"^("-"))_color(red)("α-ketoglutarate") + "CO"_2#

Step 4. α-Ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA

Here's where the third molecule of #"CO"_2# is formed.

#underbrace(stackrel("-")("O")"COCOCH"_2"CH"_2"COO"^("-"))_color(red)("α-ketoglutarate")+ "CoASH" + "NAD"^"+" stackrelcolor(blue)("α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase"color(white)(ml))(→) underbrace("CoA-S-COCH"_2"CH"_2"COO"^("-"))_color(red)("succinyl-CoA") + "CO"_2 + "NADH"#

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Answer 2

Decarboxylation occurs twice in the aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule. It occurs during the Krebs cycle, specifically in the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, and in the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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