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How long does the black dwarfs stage last?

Answer 1

Indefinitely

A black dwarf is a hypothetical object that is believed to be formed when a white dwarf cools down to the point where it stops emitting light. Since the universe is too young for white dwarfs to have sufficiently cooled, there are believed to be none in the real world.

In the unlikely event that proton decay occurs, black dwarfs may eventually decay and if a black dwarf is created, it may do so indefinitely.

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Answer 2

Claire Anctil

The black dwarf stage is theoretical because no black dwarfs are expected to exist at this time. Because of the slow cooling process, it is estimated that the black dwarf stage could last for a very long time—possibly longer than the age of the universe.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.