How has our ability to drill deeper wells impacted where humans can live?

I once visited an oilfield in China where there were active pump jacks pumping oil right in the middle of a town! The majority of deep wells are related to oil and gas exploration, and these tend to be away from major urban areas. However, the depth isn't that critical; it's just that oil and gas wells and urban areas just don't mix, at least not in North America.

The extraction and drilling method known as "fracking" is another new problem causing tension between oil and gas wells and cities; it has been linked to minor earthquakes near cities, and some localities are calling for its outlaw.

The ability to drill deeper wells has expanded the areas where humans can live by providing access to groundwater in regions with limited surface water sources. This has facilitated settlement in arid and remote areas where water scarcity would have otherwise been a barrier to habitation.