How does the rock cycle help us to learn Earth's past?

I suggest you familiarize yourself with the terms igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic as they relate to common types of rock.

The process through which rock changes its form is known as the "rock cycle," and it can take hundreds of thousands of years or more to complete a single cycle. For instance, if a significant amount of igneous rock is found on the surface of the Earth close to a large mountain, it is possible that the mountain was once an active volcano.

Geologists can thus gain more insight into Earth's past by analyzing the kind of rock that is found there, along with other variables like age.

I hope that was helpful.

The rock cycle helps us learn about Earth's past by providing insights into the processes that have shaped the planet over geological time scales. By understanding how rocks form, break down, and transform, scientists can infer past environmental conditions, tectonic activity, and climate variations. By studying the composition, structure, and distribution of rocks, geologists can reconstruct the history of continents, oceans, and mountain ranges, offering valuable clues about Earth's evolution and past environments.