How does particle movement differ in different states of matter?

Particles in a solid are restricted to oscillating within the crystal lattice because they are locked into a crystal formation.

For any given substance, the solid state of matter has the lowest kinetic energy among the three states.

Particles in a liquid are kept in the liquid by transient intermolecular attractions, but they are free to travel within the volume of the container.

Of the three states of matter for a given substance, liquids have the second lowest kinetic energy; most of the particles in a liquid will remain liquid, but some will randomly gain enough energy to overcome the transient intermolecular attractions and turn into a gas.

Since the particles in a gas are free to travel in any direction and take up as much space as possible, Avogardor's theory—which states that equal volumes of gases will contain an equal number of particles—was born.

Of the three states of matter, gases naturally possess the highest kinetic energy for any given substance.

In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions. In liquids, particles move freely but stay close. In gases, particles move rapidly and independently.