How does hydrohalogenation mechanisms work?
It is basically an acid-catalyzed monohalogenation. I will use hydrobromic acid as an example.
- For an alkene, which I presume is your substrate, the alkene would have the capability to donate electrons from its
#pi# bond to polarize the#"H"-"X"# bond, where#"X"# is a halogen. - That changes the molecule's electron distribution so that we have
#stackrel(delta^(+))("H")-stackrel(delta^(-))("X")# , which then leads to the acquisition of a proton from the hydrohalogenic acid onto the less-substituted carbon (the one with more hydrogens). - The formation of a carbocation intermediate occurs as a result. This intermediate is the more stable carbocation, which is usually the one with more alkyl groups around it.
- Then,
#"X"^(-)# can attack as a nucleophile and bind to the more-substituted carbon, as per Marknovnikov addition.
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Hydrohalogenation involves the addition of a hydrogen halide to an unsaturated organic compound. The mechanism includes electrophilic addition, where the electrophile (positively charged species) attacks the double bond or triple bond, leading to the formation of a new carbon-halogen bond. The specific steps vary depending on the type of unsaturated compound involved.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
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