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How does a black hole occur?

Answer 1

Massive stars after burning out most of hydrogen or other elements makes gravitational collapse ans shrinks to very small size.

Surface gravity depends upon mass and distance from center .When n huge stars collapse, the surface gravity become so large that the even light can not escape form it ids called black hole.
There may be some of them left over from big bang also.

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Answer 2

Levi Anderson

A black hole is a region of intense gravity created when a massive star, near the end of its life, collapses under the force of its own gravity. This collapse makes the star's core incredibly dense, and it creates a gravitational field so strong that even light cannot escape its pull.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.