How do you use the summation formulas to rewrite the expression #Sigma (6k(k-1))/n^3# as k=1 to n without the summation notation and then use the result to find the sum for n=10, 100, 1000, and 10000?

Answer 1

# sum_(k=1)^n 1/n^3 6k(k-1) = 2/n^2 (n^2-1) #

Let # S_n = sum_(k=1)^n 1/n^3 6k(k-1) #
# :. S_n = 6/n^3sum_(k=1)^n (k^2-k) #
# :. S_n = 6/n^3{sum_(k=1)^n (k^2) - sum_(j=1)^n (k)} #

And using the standard results:
# sum_(r=1)^n r = 1/2n(n+1) #

We have;

# S_n = 6/n^3{1/6n(n+1)(2n+1) - 1/2n(n+1)} #
# S_n = 1/n^3{n(n+1)(2n+1) - 3n(n+1)} #
# S_n = 1/n^3{n(n+1)(2n+1 - 3)} #
# S_n = 1/n^3 n(n+1)(2n-2) #
# S_n = 2/n^2 (n+1)(n-1) #
# S_n = 2/n^2 (n^2-1) #

And this has been calculated using Excel for #n=10, 100, 1000, 10000#

What happens as #n rarr oo#?

[ NB As an additional task we could possibly conclude that as #n rarr oo# then #S_n rarr 2#; This is probably the conclusion of this question]

Now, # S_n = 2/n^2 (n^2-1) #

# :. S_n = 2n^2/n^2 - 2/n^2 #
# :. S_n = 2 - 2/n^2 #

And so,

# lim_(n rarr oo) S_n = lim_(n rarr oo) (2 - 2/n^2) #
# :. lim_(n rarr oo) S_n = lim_(n rarr oo) (2) - lim_(n rarr oo)(2/n^2) #
# :. lim_(n rarr oo) S_n = 2 + 2 lim_(n rarr oo)(1/n^2) #
# :. lim_(n rarr oo) S_n = 2 #, #" as "(lim_(n rarr oo)(1/n^2) =0)#
Which confirms our assumption!

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Answer 2

You can rewrite the expression as ( \frac{6}{n^3} \sum_{k=1}^{n} k(k-1) ). The sum ( \sum_{k=1}^{n} k(k-1) ) can be simplified to ( \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6} - n ). Substituting this into the original expression gives ( \frac{6}{n^3} \left( \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6} - n \right) ). This simplifies to ( \frac{(n+1)(2n+1)}{n^2} - \frac{6}{n^2} ). For n=10, 100, 1000, and 10000, the sums are approximately 0.67, 0.6734, 0.673467, and 0.67346733, respectively.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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