How do you draw the lewis structure for polyatomic ions?

Answer 1

Well you use VESPER....

And #"VSEPR"-="Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory."#
And I will give ONE bond, the VESPER treatment of nitrate ion...we gots #NO_3^(-)#...and there are ……
#3xx6_"oxygen valence electrons"+5_"nitrogen valence electrons"+1_"negative charge"# #="24 electrons"#, i.e. TWELVE electron pairs to distribute over FOUR CENTRES....
And we get....#O=stackrel(+)N(-O^(-))_2#...THREE of the four participating atoms have a formal charge...the leftmost oxygen is NEUTRAL (it has 8 electrons), the nitrogen has SIX electrons, and therefore has a FORMAL POSITIVE charge...and two of the oxygens bear 9 electrons, and thus have a FORMAL NEGATIVE charge... The overall charge is this #+1-1-1=-1#.
Can you try for #SO_4^(2-)#?
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Answer 2

To draw the Lewis structure for polyatomic ions, follow these steps:

  1. Determine the total number of valence electrons for the ion.
  2. Place the least electronegative atom in the center and connect the other atoms to it with single bonds.
  3. Distribute the remaining electrons as lone pairs around each atom to fulfill the octet rule, except for hydrogen which follows the duet rule.
  4. If there are still electrons left after satisfying the octet (or duet) rule for each atom, place them on the central atom as lone pairs or multiple bonds to fulfill the octet rule for the central atom.
  5. If the ion has a charge, add or subtract electrons accordingly to match the overall charge of the ion.
  6. Verify that all atoms have a complete octet (or duet for hydrogen) and that the total number of electrons matches the charge of the ion.
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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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