How do you add a hydroxyl group to an alkyl chain of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 1

You can use the Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction to add it on the #alpha# carbon.

Recall that #"PBr"_3# can be used to substitute a hydroxyl group for a #"Br"#. The enol tautomer of this new acyl bromide can attack a #"Br"_2#, then get hydrolyzed to return to a carboxylic acid, except with an #alpha#-bromine.

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Answer 2

To add a hydroxyl group to an alkyl chain of a carboxylic acid, use a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a hydroxide ion (OH-) in the presence of a suitable base or catalyst. This process is known as saponification.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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