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How do we know black dwarfs exist?

Answer 1

Black dwarfs are theoretical objects. It is unlikely that any exist and we can't be sure when any will exist.

The idea behind a black dwarf is that white dwarf stars eventually cool down to the point where they stop producing light.

Theories about how long it will take for a white dwarf to cool down to a black dwarf range from over 100,000 times the current age of the Universe to over a billion years, suggesting that the Universe is most likely far too young to have produced any black dwarfs.

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Answer 2

Leah Abbate

Since the universe is too young for any white dwarf to have cooled to that degree, black dwarfs are hypothetical objects that arise from the eventual cooling and fading of white dwarfs over trillions of years. Nevertheless, scientists predict that black dwarfs will eventually exist in the universe based on stellar evolution models and the known lifespan of stars.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.