How do transition elements form coloured compounds?

Answer 1

Movement of electrons between shells

I believe that due to the d orbitals being inside the outer s orbital, electrons are able to move into that s orbital if they have the required energy. They then drop back down to the d one emitting a photons at specific frequencies giving them their colour.

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Answer 2

Transition elements form coloured compounds because they have unfilled #"d"# orbitals.

Transition metal ions are not coloured on their own.

It is only when they form complexes with other ions or molecules that they become coloured.

In a transition metal, the #"d"# orbitals are degenerate — they all have the same energy.

However, when the metal ion is complexed with other ions or molecules, some of the #"d"# orbitals become higher in energy than the others.

One common pattern is shown in the diagram above.

The difference in #"d"# orbital energy levels often corresponds to the wavelength of visible light.

Thus, an electron in a lower #"d"# level may absorb a quantum of red light and be excited to the higher level.

The non-absorbed light is reflected back to our eyes, so we would probably see a blue or green colour.

Note: a transition metal ion that has zero or ten #"d"# electrons will be colourless.

Here are the colours of some transition metal ions in aqueous solution.

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Answer 3

Transition elements form colored compounds due to the presence of partially filled d orbitals. When light interacts with these compounds, some wavelengths are absorbed while others are transmitted or reflected, resulting in the perception of color. This phenomenon is attributed to electronic transitions between different energy levels of the d orbitals.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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