How do lipids affect the digestive system?

Question

Maya Anderson · Accepted Answer

Lipids are considered fats. They are made into smaller pieces by bile that is made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. They are then cut up by pancreatic lipase into 3 fatty acids + glycerol.

We have to know what a fat is: a fat is a non-polar molecule made up of 3 fatty acids (chains of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms (non-polar/insoluble) and a glycerol molecule (polar/soluble).

Note that fats are NOT soluble in water, since water is polar and it cannot dissolve non-polar molecules. They are in forms of droplets of fat on top of the water (same as the grease you see on a frying pan when you make eggs).

Since fats are insoluble, the bile (yellowing liquid) that is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder will make the fat droplets smaller and separate them (does not cut them). This action is called emulsifying the fats.

The pancreas then makes an enzyme called pancreatic lipase which then follows up and cuts the fat into 3 fatty acid molecules and a glycerol. These are then absorbed in the small intestine and stored by your cells.

For more information, see this question on Socratic on how lipids are digested.

Hudson Ansley · Answer

undefined Lipids are broken down by enzymes in the digestive system, primarily in the small intestine, into fatty acids and glycerol. This process aids nutrient absorption and provides energy for the body.

Easton Bailey · Answer

undefined Lipids play several roles in the digestive system. They are primarily broken down by enzymes called lipases into fatty acids and glycerol. These products are then absorbed by the small intestine. Lipids also aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Additionally, lipids contribute to the formation of bile, which emulsifies fats, aiding in their digestion and absorption. Moreover, lipids provide energy, help maintain cell structure, and are involved in signaling pathways within the digestive system. However, excessive intake of lipids can lead to health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases.