How do ionic compounds differ from covalent compounds?

Covalent molecules are two non-metal atoms that share their valence electrons to complete their outer shell. For example, Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). Generally, Covalent molecules also have different properties to ionic compounds like low melting point and boiling point, not soluble in water and do not conduct in its molten state, pure state or in water.

Ionic compounds occur between a non-metal and a metal where positive and negative ions occupying alternate positions in a regular lattice. The positive ions are metal ions that have lost electrons and the negative ions are non-metals that have gained electrons. For example, Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Generally, Ionic compounds have different properties to covalent molecules like high melting point and boiling point, soluble in water and not conductive in its pure state but conductive in its molten state and when mixed in water.

Ionic compounds differ from covalent compounds in terms of their bonding nature, structure, and properties. Ionic compounds form through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions held together by electrostatic forces. Covalent compounds, on the other hand, form through the sharing of electrons between atoms. Ionic compounds typically consist of a metal and a nonmetal, while covalent compounds involve nonmetallic elements. Ionic compounds tend to have higher melting and boiling points, are often soluble in water, and conduct electricity when dissolved or melted. Covalent compounds typically have lower melting and boiling points, are not soluble in water, and do not conduct electricity in their pure state.