How do HOX genes function?

Question

Daniel Allen · Accepted Answer

Hox genes are gene complexes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The target genes then activate or repress cell processes to direct the final developement of the organism.

Hox proteins, which are the byproducts of Hox genes, can bind to particular enhancers (specific nucleotide sequences on DNA) and either repress or activate genes there. A region of the protein known as the homeo domain gives Hox proteins their capacity to bind DNA. A single Hox gene can function as both an activator and a repressor at different genes. By regulating the expression of other genes that are involved in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into distinct cell types and the proper orientation of our body segments, hox genes are ultimately accountable for the formation of all of our bodily organs, tissues, bones, and body segments.

Julian Aguilar · Answer

undefined HOX genes are a family of genes that play a crucial role in embryonic development by regulating the formation of body structures along the anterior-posterior axis. They control the expression of other genes involved in development, specifying the identity of body segments and organs during early embryonic development.