How do electronegativity values determine charge?

In a covalent bond, the atom with the higher electronegativity value will have a slightly negative charge because it pulls the electron(s) towards itself, while the other atom will gain a slightly positive charge because the electrons move further away from its nucleus. The larger the electronegativity value, the stronger the attraction of electrons to an atom.

Electronegativity values determine charge by indicating the relative attraction of an atom for electrons in a chemical bond. In covalent bonds, if the electronegativity values of two atoms are significantly different, the more electronegative atom attracts the shared electrons closer to itself, resulting in a partial negative charge (δ-) on that atom and a partial positive charge (δ+) on the less electronegative atom. In ionic bonds, electronegativity differences between atoms lead to complete transfer of electrons, resulting in the formation of ions with positive and negative charges.