How does the nature of the solute affect boiling point?
The solute raises the boiling point by an amount that depends on the number of particles it contributes go the solution.
Boiling point elevation is a colligative property. It depends only on the number of particles in the solution. The formula for boiling point elevation is
where m is the molality of the solution, Non-electrolytes do not dissociate when they dissolve. Thus, one mole of glucose will provide one mole of particles, and i = 1. NaCl dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in water. So if you have 1 mol of NaCl, you have 2 mol of particles and i= 2. For CaCl₂, i = 3, for FeCl₃, i = 4, etc. EXAMPLE
Calculate the boiling point of a 0.15 m aqueous solution of sodium chloride. Solution
Here is a video of a lab examining this topic. Here is a video which shows some sample calculations of boiling point elevation.
videos from: Noel Pauller
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The nature of the solute affects the boiling point by altering the vapor pressure of the solvent. Non-volatile solutes, such as salts or sugars, increase the boiling point of the solvent because they decrease the vapor pressure of the solution. This requires a higher temperature to reach the equilibrium vapor pressure and boil the solution.
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
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