How did life begin according to science?

It is difficult to say that life originated on Earth because it's possible that life existed on other planets at some point. However, the theory behind how life originated on Earth goes as follows: in 1929, British scientist J.B.S. Haldane (who later became an Indian citizen) proposed that life must have evolved from simple inorganic molecules that were present on Earth shortly after it formed, and that these inorganic molecules underwent some sort of chemical synthesis to form complex organic molecules. He conjectured that the conditions on Earth at the time, which were significantly different from those we see today, could have given rise to more complex organic molecules that were necessary for life. How did these organic molecules arise? An answer was proposed by the

Additional chemical synthesis would give rise to the first primitive organisms, and subsequent evolution would produce a variety of organism types, including Homo sapiens.

This was merely a hypothesis regarding the origin of life, but nothing can be said with certainty because there is always a chance that our perceptions will not match the reality.

Life requires information. DNA is a complex informational code. Proteins are a complex three-dimensional structure required for life's metabolic processes. RNA is a transcription of the information found in DNA that certain living organisms can use as a source of information.

According to some scientific theories, proteins evolved first, then inorganic molecules spontaneously concentrated into clusters to form proteins, which in turn found a way to replicate themselves. Specifically, the theory goes that proteins reverse-engineered themselves to create RNA codes that could replicate information created by random modifications in the inorganic molecules, and that RNA then reverse-engineered itself to produce DNA.

According to a different scientific theory, RNA originated from inorganic molecules by chance and then mutated to form more diverse types of enzymes. The RNA would have to produce the proteins required for the proto cell membrane as well as the enzymes needed for the production of energy. Additionally, the RNA would have to reverse engineer itself in order to produce DNA. RNA is halfway between proteins and DNA, and some molecules of RNA can function as proteins.

According to the third theory, the DNA would come first, with the bases forming a chain, possibly within a clay matrix. The DNA would then need to be shielded by proteins that the DNA might accidentally produce.

All three of these theories have significant flaws, and proponents of the origin of life are unable to agree on which, if any, of them is most likely to be correct.

(Note that the warm pond theory, which was backed by the Miller and Urey experiments and supported Charles Darwin; the evidence is that oxygen was never totally absent from the early atmosphere, nor were there ever the reducing conditions required to produce amino acids.)

Science indicates that life most likely originated through a process known as abiogenesis, in which basic organic molecules assembled and developed into increasingly complex structures over time, ultimately giving rise to self-replicating molecules that could go through natural selection and evolution.