How could phosphorus act as a limiting factor?

As a general rule of thumb, a water body is most likely limited by phosphorus when the concentration of nitrogen in the water is at least ten times that of phosphorus; it is likely limited by nitrogen (for freshwater environments only) when the ratio is less than ten.

According to Vollenweider (1975), phosphorus in freshwater bodies is acceptable if it is within the range of 0.01 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L; any amount over 0.02 mg/L is considered excessive.

Refer to: Vollenweider, R. A. (1975) Input-output models in limnology: Switzerland Z. Hydrol. 37: 53-83, with special reference to the phosphorus loading concept.

Phosphorus can act as a limiting factor in ecosystems because it is an essential nutrient for plant growth. When there is a shortage of phosphorus in the soil, plants cannot grow properly, which can limit the overall productivity of the ecosystem. This limitation can cascade through the food chain, affecting organisms at higher trophic levels. Additionally, excess phosphorus runoff into aquatic ecosystems can lead to eutrophication, causing harmful algal blooms and disrupting the balance of the ecosystem.

Phosphorus can act as a limiting factor in ecosystems because it is an essential nutrient for plant growth. In environments where phosphorus is scarce, such as in many tropical soils or aquatic ecosystems, the availability of phosphorus can restrict the growth of plants and algae. This limitation can affect the entire food web, as primary producers are unable to thrive without an adequate supply of phosphorus, thereby impacting the abundance of consumers and higher trophic levels. Additionally, phosphorus availability can influence nutrient cycling processes, such as decomposition and mineralization, further affecting ecosystem dynamics. Overall, the limited availability of phosphorus can have significant effects on the structure and functioning of ecosystems.